Bonsai trees are small, miniature trees that are grown solely in containers. They are unique because of their unusual shape and size, and take many years to develop into the perfect style. Bonsai trees can be traced as far back as the Egyptian era, when trees were grown in containers that were placed in cut rock. Some early plants include olive and palm trees. In China, during the Jin Dynasty, written records were kept of small trees kept in containers. This was the first written instance of bonsai trees, and they were called penzai. Azalea and maple trees were grown in Japan and served as symbols for the wealthier residents. These little trees are unusual because they have the same characteristics of their full sized counterparts, but never grow to their full sized potential.

Bonsai Tree Species and Styles 

Just about any full-sized tree imaginable can be grown into a bonsai. Japanese maples tend to be some of the most popular types, but anything ranging from a maple or olive and oak tree to a palm or fern bush can be grown in the bonsai method. Even miniature fruit trees such as lemon or apple can be grown as bonsai, although they can be more difficult to raise and there is no guarantee that they will bear fruit. Ficus, grape, and Chinese elm are some other examples of beautiful bonsai tree species. Each of these trees are grown in a style, or shape. Some of the most common include formal and informal upright, literati, windswept, root on rock, and group plantings.

Sources of Bonsai Material

 There are several ways that someone can get bonsai material in order to grow a bonsai tree of their own. Seeds are the most common way, and these can be found at various nurseries or specialty stores. Cuttings from an actual bonsai are another way to grow them. Simply plant the cutting and propagate the tree from the cutting. Other methods include finding one in nursery stock. This means that a nursery already has a growing, living bonsai in stock that can be shaped however you like. Purchased finished bonsai is another option, meaning that the tree has already been cultivated and shaped.

Cultivating Techniques and Care

 Cutting and pruning a bonsai tree can be quite a challenge, and cultivating them can be difficult as well. Since they are usually grown in a shallow pot or dish, it is extremely important not to over water the trees. They enjoy moist soil, but too much water can cause root rot, which will kill the tree. The leaves and roots must be pruned regularly. Do not over-prune, however, or it will kill the branches and no nutrients can travel outward to grow new leaves. Too much sun can cause the bonsai to dry out. Remember that these are very small trees so too much of anything is harmful. It truly takes time and practice to find the right balance of sunlight and moisture for a bonsai tree to thrive. Many species of bonsai prefer to grow in a combination of soil and coarse sand or pebbles. Researching what each species prefers is a good idea to ensure that the tree lives and grows for many years to come.

Size Classifications 

Aside from its beauty and aesthetic value, each bonsai has its own unique characteristics. This includes the shape of the branches and leaves as well as the trunk, and the coloring of the leaves and species. There are three basic size classifications when considering a bonsai. The first is the Shohin bonsai, which is less than ten inches in height. This bonsai is usually the largest of the three. The second size classification is the Mame bonsai, which is 4 inches or less in height and this includes the size of the pot. The third size is known as the mini-bonsai, which is no larger than three inches in height. All three basic sizes can usually be found for purchase, although the larger, or Shohin bonsai is much more costly.

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